Genética y genómica de la longevidad y el envejecimiento / Genetics and genomics of longevity and aging

El envejecimiento y la longevidad son procesos que involucran una serie de factores genéticos, bioquímicos y ambientales. En esta revisión se tratan algunas cuestiones sobre estos dos procesos biológicos y epigenéticos. Se presentan los genes más importantes en estos procesos, así como se ejemplifican enfermedades que presentan un aceleramiento o falla en la longevidad y el envejecimiento. Se usa el análisis inteligente de datos para hallar interacciones de proteínas/genes que expliquen estos dos fenómenos biológicos.

Aging and longevity are processes that involve a series of genetic, biochemical and environmental factors. This review addresses some issues about these two biological and epigenetic processes. The most important genes in these processes are presented, as well as diseases that present an acceleration or failure in longevity and aging. Intelligent data analysis is used to find protein/gene interactions that explain these two biological phenomena.

Ventricular Fibrillation Is a Sign of Life

ABSTRACT Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a deadly rhythm problem. With asystole, it represents one of the most extreme emergencies that may engage vital prognosis within only few minutes if appropriated treatment is not instituted. It is learned in all medical schools worldwide that VF is not compatible with consciousness and sustained life. Moreover, at 37°C, and without restauration of cardiac flow, VF may be responsible for severe and most often irreversible brain damage after 3 minutes.

O período do dia não influencia o desempenho físico de homens praticantes de treinamento com pesos / Day period fails to affect the physical performance of males who practice weight lifting

O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar o desempenho de praticantes de treinamento com pesos em diferentes períodos do dia. A amostra foi composta por 10 homens treinados (24,4 ± 2,7anos, 80,6 ± 12,7 kg, 180,0 ± 10,8 cm), submetidos ao teste de uma repetição máxima (1RM) para determinação de carga máxima, no exercício supino no banco horizontal. Em seguida, três encontros foram destinados para realização do teste de resistência de força a 80% de 1RM, realizados em diferentes períodos do dia, de maneira aleatória. A análise de variância (ANOVA one-way) foi utilizada para verificar as médias dos grupos nos períodos distintos. Não foram encontradas diferenças no desempenho, independente do horário do dia, manhã (25 ± 4 repetições), tarde (26 ± 7 repetições) e noite (26 ± 7 repetições) em relação ao desempenho obtido (P > 0,05). Assim, sugere-se que o período do dia não influencia o desempenho da força e fadiga de indivíduos jovens treinados.

To evaluate the performance of weight lifterS at different periods of the day. Method: sample comprised 10 trained males (24.4± 2.7 years, 80.6±12.7kg, 180.0±10.8cm) who underwent maximum repetition test (MRT) to determine maximum load, by supine exercise, on a horizontal bench. Three sessions were employed to test force resistance at 80% MRT, at random, at different periods of the day. One way ANOVA was employed to verify means of groups within distinct periods. There was no difference in performance with regard to day period: morning (25 ± 4 repetitions), afternoon (26 ± 7 repetitions) and evening (26 ± 7 repetitions) with regard to performance (P > 0.05). It may be suggested that the period of the day does not affect force performance and fatigue of trained young people.

Human ex vivo and in vitro disease models to study food allergy

Food allergy is a growing global public health concern. As treatment strategies are currently limited to allergen avoidance and emergency interventions, there is an increasing demand for appropriate models of food allergy for the development of new therapeutics. Many models of food allergy rely heavily on the use of animals, and while useful, many are unable to accurately reflect the human system. In order to bridge the gap between in vivo animal models and clinical trials with human patients, human models of food allergy are of great importance. This review will summarize the commonly used human ex vivo and in vitro models of food allergy and highlight their advantages and limitations regarding how accurately they represent the human in vivo system. We will cover biopsy-based systems, precision cut organ slices, and coculture systems as well as organoids and organ-on-a-chip. The availability of appropriate experimental models will allow us to move forward in the field of food allergy research, to search for effective treatment options and to further explore the cause and progression of this disorder.

Análisis microbiológicodel pulpo rojo en puertos pesqueros de Campeche, México / Microbiological analysis of red octopus in fishing ports of Campeche, Mexico

Resumen: Objetivo: Estudiar la calidad microbiológica del pulpo rojo dado su importante impacto económico y social en la región sur-sureste de México. Material y métodos: Se tomaron muestras en diversas zonas de captura de la especie y se analizaron con pruebas bioquímicas descritas en las normas oficiales mexicanas. Se identificaron cepas pertenecientes al género Vibrio, Salmonella, coliformes fecales y E. coli O157:H7. Con el empleo del Sistema BAx, se logró la identificación de microorganismos a través de su ADN bacteriano. Los resultados obtenidos en los métodos bioquímicos y moleculares fueron contrastados. Resultados: El método estadístico de Bland-Altman indicó que ambas técnicas pueden usarse indistintamente. La prueba de McNemar demostró que ambos métodos cuentan con la misma eficacia para la identificación de patógenos (valor X2=0.5 ρ=0.4795). Conclusión: La calidad microbiológica del pulpo en la región sur-sureste de México es deficiente debido a la presencia de flora bacteriana patógena que podría representar un riesgo epidemiológico. Los índices establecidos por las normas sugieren la necesidad de aplicar técnicas de identificación eficaces y rápidas como el Sistema BAx. Este método alternativo de análisis puede coadyuvar a la implementación de estrategias efectivas que permitan cumplir con especificaciones mínimas sanitarias durante el procesamiento de los productos pesqueros, y así elevar los sistemas de control para disminuir los riesgos de brotes epidemiológicos en la región.

Abstract: Objective: In this work we studied the microbiological quality of the red octopus given its important economic and social impact on the region South-Southeast of Mexico. Materials and methods: Samples were taken in different areas of capture of the species and analyzed with biochemical tests described in the Mexican official standards, identifying strains belonging to the genus Vibrio, Salmonella and faecal coliforms, and E. coli O157: H7. We used the BAx System for the identification of microorganisms through their bacterial DNA. The results obtained in biochemical and molecular methods were confirmed. Results: Bland-Altman statistical method pointed out that both techniques can be used interchangeably. McNemar test showed that both methods have the same efficacy for the identification of pathogens (value X2=0.5 ρ=0.4795). Conclusion: The microbiological quality of the octopus in the South-Southeast region of Mexico is deficient due to the presence of pathogenic intestinal flora that might represent an epidemiological risk. The indexes established by the regulations suggest the need to apply effective and rapid identification technologies, such as the BAx System.This alternative method of analysis can contribute to the implementation of effective strategies that allow compliance with the minimal sanitary specifications during the processing of fishing products, thus strengthening the control systems to decrease the risks of epidemiological outbreaks in the region.

Contradictory effect and its mechanism of store-operated calcium channel in cancer cells / 国际肿瘤学杂志

In most non-excitable cells,the store-operated calcium channel (SOCC) in the plasma membrane is the major calcium entry pathway.SOCC plays an important role in calcium signals that control many cancer cellular processes such as adhesion,secretion,movement,gene expression,proliferation,division and apoptosis.Stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) and Orail are the two important parts of SOCC.So overexpression or suppression expression of STIM1/Orail can regulate SOCC activity and biological characteristics of cancer cells.However,SOCC plays a contradictory role in cancer cells,which can both promote tumor progression and inhibit tumor progression.SOCC is expected to become a new target for the treatment of tumors,but its complicated mechanism needs to consider both types of tumor cells and the external stimulators of tumor cells.

Advances in research on regulation of biological behavior mediated by sphingosine 1-phosphate in malignant tumors / 肿瘤

S1P (sphingosine 1-phosphate) is one of the metabolite products of membrane sphingomyelin, and it plays an important role in formation, transformation and progression of many malignant tumors as well as the regulation of cell proliferation, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Furthermore, S1P plays different roles in regulation of biological behaviors of malignant tumors depending on the types of the cells and S1PR (sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor). For ovarian cancer and colon cancer, S1P improves the growth of tumors cells by S1PR1/S1PR3, but for malignant melanoma, it inhibits the cell growth by S1PR2. There is a difference in the downstream pathways mediated by difficult receptors. This review summarizes the advances in research on the roles of S1P in regulating biological behaviors of tumor cells and different signal pathways of S1P mediated by various receptors. Copyright © 2012 by TUMOR.